VICTIMIZED JOURNALISTS

Journalists are the brave beings among us who are not afraid to expose the truth, may it be a matter concerning national interest or some intelligence info leak. They tend to work their lives off in service of the public but what return do they get? Death. Journalism has evolved manifolds due to contribution of technology and most of all internet, they were not scared to post the truth in the local newspaper or a blog, unfortunately the case is reversed so one might wonder about the relativity of Freedom of Speech in modern era. Muslim countries that exist in the South of Asia are the target of religious extremism where intolerance has long since prevailed. Journalists are victimized when they support nonreligious beliefs, raise voice against Muslim extremists or try to change the corrupt system through media. Journalist's duties are concerned to display the motives of certain actions but it is unjustifiable to end their lives for a mere exposure. Though some journalists are also a target of terrorist attacks but the majority are a scapegoat in the prevalent social ill of criticizing journalists and then taking hardcore measures.

• International Federation of Journalists has reported, since 1990 at least 2297 journalists and media workers have been killed.
• Iraq is ranked at the top with 309 killings followed by the Philippines 146, Mexico 120, Pakistan 115, Russian Federation 109, Algeria 106, India 95, Somalia 75, Syria 67 and Brazil 62.
• The IFJ further said that journalists lost their lives in targeted killings, bomb attacks, in the cross-fire and kidnappings in wars and armed conflicts across the globe while others were killed by organised crime barons and corrupt officials.
• Some 112 journalists and media professionals were killed last year alone, although the peak year was 155 killings in 2006.

As it is clear as glass that some journalists were killed because of some ulterior motive which is absolutely unacceptable in this day and age. The journalist safety must be a priority and media should protest any such act.

Solution:
With just one out of 10 killings investigated in the past, the future is a bleak one for journalists. The UN urges to end the impunity for killings and other attacks on media professionals because failure in this regard only fuels the violence against them. These deaths of journalists are not only confined to passing away but they also represented our tribute for their courage and the ultimate sacrifice paid by journalists in massive numbers, who lost their lives fulfilling the role to inform and empower the public. Many journalists are deprived of law in their respective countries for their safety. Security and military officers and others who deal with them must respect their independence for ensuring their safety in the first phase and governments should comply with their international obligations by investigating journalists' killings and bringing those responsible to justice, thus deterring future violence. Lastly, journalists have to refrain from activities which are perilous for them to avoid any unnecessary fuss unless the matter is of utmost importance.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes and capital offences. Capital punishment has often been debated in favor of opposition, the activity is described as inhumane whereas those who support this idea put out the point of  'some crimes require death to implant fear in others to not repeat the sin'. The latter accuse the former of exonerating the criminals off the right judgement which they deserve.

• Fifty eight countries retain capital punishment, 102 countries have completely abolished it for all crimes, six have abolished it for ordinary crimes (while maintaining it for special circumstances such as war crimes), and 32 are abolitionist in practice (meaning that they have not executed anyone during the last 10 years).
• Over 60% of the world population resides in countries where capital punishment is retained such as United States of America, India, China and Indonesia. The countries that oppose capital punishment are Australia, European Union and Canada etc.

Capital Punishments are considered viable for different and various kinds of crimes which may also vary from country to country. Though some are common such as

1. Homicide guilty may be awarded life imprisonment but genocide guilty suffers the fate of death.
2. Drug trafficking is also considered a death punishable crime though this is the case in Asia mostly. China, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Singapore are among those countries.
3. Other crimes may include treason, rape, and in many Muslim countries, adultery and blasphemy etc.

China gave death sentences to more than a 1000 prisoners in 2015. Similarly Iran 977 and Pakistan who removed the barrier of no executions after Peshawar Attack executed 326 criminals. The methods used to carry out this practice are as follows with top being the most used:

1. Hanging
2. Shooting
3. Lethal Injection
4. Gas inhalation
5. Beheading (Saudi Arab Only)

Solution:

"The death penalty has no place in 21st century" UN secretary General Ban ki Moon is quoted as saying. The UN has manifested their argument by displaying the statistics of criminal activities as having no relationship whatsoever with the Capital Punishment. This argument is generally supported but the connection is present. The human rights activists criticize Saudi Arab's method of executions especially Stoning to death, which Iran also practices in certain cases. The crime rates do show variation, crime rate of Saudi Arab is 25.52 whereas crime rate of Italy is 45. Though some countries may differ from this theory but majority do abide by this reality even though still supporting the 'no execution' rally. It is respective countries own choice to whether execute the deserving guilty  but historically, when executions were carried out rightfully influenced by the law and justice, it always paved way for betterment. The culpable individuals may not be awarded death sentence but what the seed of fear bowed in the hearts of innocent would do is far more worse for the future.

GUN CONTROL- AMERICA

USA has always been prone to Gun related issues especially violence from this medium. Gun is very common to own, though there are restrictions up to a certain limit in some states but majority of the states suffer from relentless use of 'Guns'. It has been estimated that US civilians own 270 million to 310 million firearms, and that 37% to 42% of the households in the country have at least one gun is a disturbing fact for a harmless citizen. The long history of USA concerning weaponry is a bright one in such a dark matter, ironically. According to Time magazine USA is the number 1 exporter of weapons in the world as well controlling more than a 50% market and the orders in 2014 jumped 35% i.e $10 billion to a whopping $36.2 billion. Anyways, the gun control laws are a little sluggish in implementation due to which this matter is getting out of hand, the Supreme Court allows the right to own a weapon for self defence but due to lack of monitoring, the Americans feel 'free' and own as much weapons as they want to satisfy their wants.

1. Gun laws are more stringent in California and in the northeast. States are ranked there on the restrictiveness of their gun laws. The States Of Arizona, Alaska and Mississippi have the weakest laws against Guns. 
2. Gun ownership is higher where gun laws are weaker (Montana and Alaska etc). About half of owners proclaim they own guns for protection , followed by hunting 32%. The states with lowest ownership of weapons per household are Delaware, Nebraska and above all California.
3. Gun-Related Deaths are more prevalent in the Southern States. More than 60% are suicides astonishingly, while about a third are homicides. Gun death rate per 100,000 People is up till 19%, which exists mainly in the surroundings of Los Angeles, Montana and Alaska where as the least deaths are in, not so surprising, states of California and Hawaii.

The dumb founding fact is that while the gun sales are alarmingly ticking up, the U.S homicide rate is behaving otherwise. From 10 Homicides per 100,000 people in 1990, now it is down to 5.4 Homicides. Even after that, more people die from guns than from car accidents. In 2016 there have been 1,622 accidental shootings, and sadly 515 children have been shot due to mere irresponsibility. 

Solution:
The debate of gun ownership has been part of the History of America since 1990. Those in favor produce the argument of self defence and hunting whereas those in opposition put forward the fact sheet of violence especially when concept of "Jihad"  is misused to kill thousands of people. So as the time of this article coincides with that of presidential race, let's overview what Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton have to say to fix this crisis.

"DONALD TRUMP calls for concealed-carry permits in all 50 states; he supports stricter sentences for felons caught with firearms"

"HILLARY CLINTON supports a ban on assault weapons and the expansion of background checks to mental-health outpatients and domestic abusers"

The solution is simple as proposed by the respective candidates. Gun laws need to be amended for safety and that every state has to understand the fact that the rate of violence in a particular state is directly proportional the gun ownership of that state.

 

 

SAUDI ARABIAN LED-INTERVENTION IN YEMEN

From now onwards the crisis would be specific to the country.
Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, running unopposed for president of Yemen, won 2012 Yemeni elections. The Houthis, a Zaidi Shia movement and militant group thought to be backed by Iran, took control of the Yemeni government. Saudi Arab and other countries denounced this as unconstitutional coup d'etat. By September 2014, Houthi fighter captured Sana'a, toppling the government but soon after the peace deal was achieved between the government and Houthis but neither party honoured their obligations. Due to this the government sought the support of Saudi Arabia and hence the formation of 34 state coalition to target to subjugate Yemen from the militants. According to the Saudi news outlet Al Arabia, Saudi Arabia contributed 100 warplanes and 150,000 soldiers to the military operation. Other Arab states also contributed their share of warplanes and soldiers to support the president's claim for government. USA and UK took part in Saudi's advisory board and they also were responsible for refuelling jets . The civilians fell victim to this campaign in humongous numbers forcing UN to accuse this campaign for neglecting and violating the Laws of War. Some are stated below:

• UN reported, From 26 March-23 April 2015 209 civilians were killed in Sana'a by air strikes.
• As reported by ICRC, Air strikes on 20th April 2015 on Fajj Atan military base, Sana'a. 90 civilians were put to death.
• On 27th May 2015, Reuters reported that 100 people were laid to rest due to air strikes.
• On 28th September 2015, 135 civilians were killed in alleged coalition airstrike on Yemen wedding.
• And Finally, On 8th October 2016, More than 140 people were killed and more than 525 wounded when air strikes hit a funeral ceremony in Yemen, a UN official reported.
• More than 2,500,000 people had been internally displaced as of 10 December 2015.

The Saudi led-coalition is in breach of international law as they are blocking aid as well as food supplies in the country which is threatening millions of powerless citizens to either choose their death by hunger or air strike.

Solution:
The war has received widespread criticism and had a dramatic worsening effect on the humanitarian situation, that reached the level of a "humanitarian Catastrophe". Until the humanitarian rights are not observed in Yemen and the Saudi defence minister stops this insanity no viable solution will be brought forward in near future. The Houthi Militants and the government needs to make peace, may it be in form of a deal or a temporary agreement to help the civilians. These kinds of operations are heavily dependent on intelligence information which USA is not very efficient in. Saudi Arab is economically in a depressed state as a budget deficit of 13.7% of GDP was reported so they should not let insanity prevail and must halt their campaign and rethink their strategies. Lastly, other than Coalition's nefarious war crimes, Yemen's internally disrupted systems have to be set right with the help of UN and donors. To sum it up, "The demented King's imbecile son has got them in a pickle".

DRUGS

"Afghan Opium production up 43 Percent: Survey". The facts are hard to ignore when they are this serious. Drug trafficking has posted yet another crisis for the world and UN to deal with. To put in simple terms drug trafficking is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation , manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws. At current levels, world heroine consumption and seizures represent an annual flow of 430-450 tonnes of heroin into the global heroin market, Afghan opium is the winner, being the highest producer of heroin. The market of heroin is of an enormous amount of $43 billion with Europe having the biggest share. Second most consumed drug is cocaine. In 2007 and 2008, cocaine was used by some 16-17 million people worldwide, similar to the number of global opiate users but the fact that was stupefying was that the estimated market for cocaine consumption is $88 billion. Columbia is the main culprit in cocaine production with maximum share of European Market. Time to mention various drugs, its side effects and amount of consumers.

• Heroin was a strong painkiller used to treat chronic pain and physical trauma. However, it was made illegal due to misuse which had destroyed many families. The major side effects include inflammation of gums, cold sweat and weak immune system. As aforementioned, some 16-17 million addicts have threatened their own lives.
• Cocaine has got a similar number of users. Cocaine had attracted higher prices due to rarity but the rise of this epidemic lowered its rate and made it more easily accessible. Liver, kidney and lung damage are some well known cocaine inspired side effects.
• Krokodil is known to be Russia's secret addiction. It is believed the over one million Russians are addicted to the drug. It is considered more dangerous than heroin because it is often homemade. This drug causes gangrene, and eventually rotting of the flesh. 
• Lastly, Crystal Meth is not just famous because of Walter H White (Breaking Bad), but also because it is one of the most destructive drugs in the world. World War II was the golden period for it because it was used to stay awake. Hence sleep deprivation and brain damage is the drug's point of target.

Solution:
A great mind is definitely not needed to comprehend what drug trafficking is leading the world towards. The effective action is required in every aspect but what specifically needs to be done is the question asked?. First of all, this issue takes root when the medicines are abnormally misused so one has to refrain from acts of uncontrolled and unprescribed medicine intake. Secondly, the drugs are never to be tried, the more you want to try the harder it will be to leave. Thirdly, the drug addicts should not be frowned upon rather they should be subject to rehabilitation. Addictions are very hard to overcome because once tried they are overwhelmingly satisfying. Lastly, drug traffickers (this includes all from producers to providers) deserve a capital punishment because they tend to escape from right judgement. In this regard Saudi Arab is the most famous country for awarding death to the provider of any kind of banned drug. What Philippines is doing to erase drug traffickers may be harsh or debatable but frustration due to persistence of traffickers has led to severe measures.

AEROSPACE CRISIS

Aeroplanes have conquered the travelling of this time and age.The long hours wasted in the historic eras due to ships and travelling on land was immediately eradicated when the genius Wright brothers unveiled their almighty invention. This was the modernization of the travelling experience and to this day the world is heavily dependent on this mode of transport for especially long distances. The air planes exist to provide fast and efficient experience to avoid the hassle that once was a part of life but, everything comes at a cost. This source of travelling is nonetheless the most effective but the crisis that this specific sector faces has much more troublesome consequences than discussed in the previous article on 'automotive crisis'. The internal problem that plague this transportation facility is STRUCTURAL FAILURE which is caused by mere but ever so perilous THREE of the CAUSES:

1. Faulty Design
2. Faulty Maintenance
3. Manufacturing Flaws

The ultimate hazards of these faulty characteristics are severe thus fatalities are very common in this part. The Crisis mentioned below are as astonishing as it can get.

• In 1974, Turkish Airlines flight 981 was going from Istanbul to London with a intermediate stopover in Paris. The flight crashed into the Ermenonville forest outside Paris KILLING ALL 346 passengers. The crash was caused when an improperly secured cargo door at the rear of the plane broke off, causing an explosive decompression which severed cables necessary to control the aircraft.
• On May 25th 1979, American Airlines flight 191 from Chicago to Los Angeles crashed moments after taking off. ALL 258 passengers and 13 crew on board were killed. As the aircraft was rotating after take off, the engine of the left wing broke off subsequently resulting in a crash. The engine separation was attributed to damage to the pylon rigging structure holding the engine to the wing. Faulty maintenance procedures were the reason of this tragedy.
• On Monday, August 12 1985, Japan Airlines Flight 123 was a scheduled domestic flight from Tokyo to Osaka. The Boeing suffered an explosive decompression and crashed into two ridges of a Mountain. The casualties were massive, 15 CREW MEMBERS AND 505 PASSENGERS. A doubler plate on the rear bulkhead of the plane was improperly repaired, compromising the plane's airworthiness. The explosive decompression ripped of large portion of the tail, making crash inevitable.

Solution:
The cases aforementioned are only handpicked from the lengthy list of deadly BLOODBATH DISASTERS. The reason is the flaw of design or maintenance that prompted THOUSANDS of people to suffer. The solution is not complex or superficial, though the investigation has shown a simple picture of the cause but it is hidden until found by the fate of accidents hence fixing it is just a regret afterwards. The engineers working in this industry are well aware of their tasks value and significance because of the grave consequences otherwise.What has to be done is, the faulty design has to be avoided at all costs and secondly, the maintenance staff needs to realize the importance of their vigilance and utter concentration. In majority of the cases the lack of maintenance lets the flaw emerge to be a disaster. The disasters happen for people to learn and improve but history has painted a picture of REPETITION.

AUTOMOBILE CRISIS

Automobile industry is one of the biggest and heavy industry sector in the world generating billions of dollars in revenues and similarly employing millions of workforce. This sector of cars specifically will be discussed in today's articles. Modernization of this industry happened a century ago and since then this industry's growth has prevailed. Toyota, Volkswagen and General Motors are the market leaders, though small firms entered and exited the market, these three giants managed sustainability.
As reported by Toyota, they sold massive 12000000 cars in 2015, almost completely influencing the third world market. This industry is economically preferred by every country but the company's thirst for profit forced them to take some unethical and immoral measures in the past and in recent times. The article would mention the history's automotive scandals worth knowing:

• In 1971, the ford pinto was designed to take the share of local market from importers and it was a resounding success. The setback came soon, if the rear end of the car collided, the fuel would spray all over in the car and raising the threat of ignition. As many as NINE HUNDRED PEOPLE DIED and Ford had to recall 1.5 million vehicles.
• In 1990, the Ford Explorer was a super hit SUV. This proved to be very beneficial for Ford but it faced a conspiracy of blowing tyres. The doubt when investigated, manifested to be right and Ford's tyre provider 'Firestone' was blamed. It caused 100 deaths and 13 million tyres had to be recalled.
• Between 2000 and 2008, Takata airbags scandal was truly the most  famous one. Takata issued airbags that, if were rupture would release chemical and metal sheets inflicting FATAL INJURIES. This failure inspired the recall of 30 million cars worldwide.
• In 2010, Chevy Cobalt was hit by a severe crisis, the car would shut down while in operation. This led to the deaths of 90 and a $10 billion fine, making bankruptcy inevitable for General Motors. The company was restructured but is still blamed for their irresponsible attitude.
• And the most recent, On September 17, 2015, VolksWagen was the largest auto maker and the very next day came crashing down. Their diesel powered cars had a very positive reputation but the company  had installed software to pass the carbon emission test wonderfully and then returning to its normal state. This meant, the damage done by Volkswagen to the environment was far more than allowed forcing the US alone to Fine the company a whopping $13 billion but time will tell what the full repercussions will be. 

Solution:
The crisis stated may show a grubby picture of automotive industry but the silver lining is, nothing poses a threat due to availability of solution for future. This means the automotive industry's lackluster and irresponsible attitude towards the serious issues endangering lives is amendable. The means of the crisis is generally known by the company, hence disasters are avoidable in 80% of the cases but then the LUST FOR PROFIT kicks in to play its part. Governmental departments for scrutinizing every car to make sure it is up to the mark have the biggest role so they need to be effective and efficient at the same time. Secondly, severe prosecutions against the guilty has to be carried out such as imposing humongous fines but the problem won't end there, the measures have to be more extensive, according to the defect found. Lastly, people have to be vigilant and must be learned enough about the safety measures, awareness programs would be the best guide to accommodate the driver.

NUCLEAR CRISIS

Nuclear energy as defined by Wikipedia in simple terms is "The Use of  of Nuclear reactions that release Nuclear energy to generate heat". The most common agreed upon use of Nuclear Energy is to generate electricity, this result is reached through generally two ways NUCLEAR FUSION AND NUCLEAR FISSION. Nuclear Fusion involves fusing together atoms to form larger atoms and unlike Fusion, Fission is the process of breaking the atoms into smaller atoms to release energy. Nuclear reactions involve changes in an atom itself and transmutation of one element into a different isotope or a different element altogether.
As it may sound, this chemical reaction is very delicate and equally threatening. The Crisis that have been a part of this reaction historically are well known. Other than that of Atomic Bombs, the side effects of these reactions such as nuclear test GOING WRONG and NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS are the crisis of concern in today's article. Hence the following are the biggest accidents in chronological order:

• The SL-1 was a nuclear reactor of United States Army. It underwent a steam explosion and meltdown on 3 Jan 1961 killing its three operators. The direct cause was the improper withdrawal of the central control rod, responsible for absorbing neutrons in the reactor core.
• The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 in the No.4 Light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the city of Pripyat, in what was then known as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.
• Last but not the least, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster was an energy accident initiated primarily by the tsunami following the Tohoku earthquake on 11 March 2011. This event took place in Fukushima, Japan.

The picture painted by the aforementioned crisis is not hard to understand and the critics can easily fathom and deduce the reaction's effects. The cell mutations is the crisis that arise when the nuclear chemicals spread into the nature. This has long term effects on the Human Body and the illnesses associated with the mutations pass onto generations as witnessed by the surviving victims.

Solution:
The UN's perturbation on ill use of nuclear power is comprehensible hence the initiative is immediately taken to avoid any more deaths or property destruction. The international Atomic energy agency was setup in 1957 as the world's center for cooperation in the nuclear field, the Agency works with its Member States and multiple partners worldwide to promote the SAFE, SECURE and most importantly peaceful use of nuclear technologies for a better world. The nuclear energy is a solution to the energy crisis of the world as exampled by the SUN itself. The consternation of the world over nuclear test at the beginning was understandable but to see it from the perspective of solving the issue haunting this world since the revolution of energy, now it is time to adopt strategies to develop and control this phenomenon for betterment of future.

OIL CRISIS

Crude oil also known as black gold is the FATHER of energy. The majority of the energy products used in our lives on daily basis are mainly derived from Crude oil such as petrol, oil extract used in industries and Cooking oil.The essence of oil is definite and clear, the crisis arise when insufficient of this resource is available for consumption. Concern  over the depletion of the earth's finite reserves of oil, and the effect this would have on a society dependent on it is not very optimist. The countries who have rich quantities of this resource are:

1. The middle Eastern countries who have doubtlessly the largest share in the export of oil. The top being Saudi Arabia and these are the dominant and foremost oil export driven economies.
2. Russia itself has the Second largest share in the world market, the chief consumer is Europe where the Russia not only exports Crude Oil but Gas as well.
3. The less share of world's market is accredited to some European countries and African countries with Nigeria contributing the largest.

Without more ado, the crisis that the world has faced in the past or facing in the present is of the principal importance to this article hence the discussion about them would unfold.
OIL CRISIS OF 1973:
The oil crisis began in Oct 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US $3 per Barrel to NEARLY $12 GLOBALLY. The Arab and Western differences over Israel is blamed for this.
OIL CRISIS OF 1979:
It occurred in the United States due to decreased oil output in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. The global production reduced only 4% but panic in the world market caused the prices to surge 200%.
OIL CRISIS OF 1990:
The Kuwait invasion by Iraq, both the members of OPEC though only lasted 9 months but the oil prices almost doubled to $36.
OIL CRISIS OF 2008:
The economic crisis of 2008 that shifted the whole prospect of growth affected all the world. This caused the demand for oil swelled, this led to the price of oil to suffer.
OIL CRISIS OF 2015 and 2016:
The oil prices plummeted in 2015. The theory behind this was that increase in US oil production doubled hence demand from the world's largest importer decreased causing the major OPEC countries to shift their focus for West to ASIAN MARKETS but weaker sales got the best of it.

Solution:
The oil glut would obviously force the price to come down a notch in the short term. The supply from the exporters namely the OPEC members needs to be controlled and they have to devise a plan to strategically handle the issue efficiently until it pertains. Another thing to be noted is the prices of oil were affected in times of political instability due to reasons such as Iraq-Kuwait War, US-Arab difference and Iranian Revolution etc. Thus the Crude Oil suffered so it is crucial to not let politics affect this necessity of life. The prices must not surge or deviate abnormally so the respective Governments have to take responsible and required action.

CYBER ATTACKS

Cyber attacks have been the part of the INTERNET LIFE since 1980's. This was not a coincidence because internet usage was growing at an abnormal rate, the hackers were interested in two kinds of matter existing within the internet servers. These were

1. Government sponsored hackers, hacking for secret and private information or for destruction internally. This is mainly done on intelligence levels. 
2. The attacks done for private gains such as FOR MONEY.

In both of these cases, the vulnerability and weaknesses of the Internet systems or servers is expertly exploited forcing the government to enforce extensive PUNISHMENTS for Varied CRIMES. Some of the deadliest cyber crimes will be discussed below to give a brief review of what the world has faced so far since Internet revolution.

• During the cold war in 1982, the CIA found a way to disrupt the operation of a Siberian gas pipeline of Russia without using traditional explosive devices such as missiles or bombs. Instead, they caused the Siberian gas pipeline to explode using a portion of a code in the computer system that controls its operation in what they tagged as "LOGIC BOMB." The chaos that ensured was so monumental that the resulting fire was even seen from space.
• In 2009, the Chinese hackers breached Google's corporate servers gaining access to database containing classified information about suspected spies, agents and terrorists under surveillance by the US government.
• In 2013, Hackers obtained access to Adobe's networks and stole user information. They downloaded the source code for some adobe programs and a tremendous 150 million customers were affected.
• AND Lastly, the 2016 cyber attack on the Bangladesh Central Bank was an eye opener for the government of Bangladesh. The thieves tried to illegally transfer US$951 million to several fictitious bank accounts around the world. Five transactions were issued by hackers worth $101 million and withdrawn from a Bangladesh BANK account at the Federal Reserve Bank Of New York. The Federal reserve Bank of NY blocked the remaining thirty transaction, amounting to $850 million, at the request of Bangladesh Bank.

This rich history clearly manifests the need to find proper and definite solutions to these everlasting CRIMES.


Solution:
The need to materialize the long made policies and the realization of the seriousness of these crimes is of essence. These crimes are required to be punished according to the offence. These crimes may come under one umbrella but are wholly disparate. Secondly, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) promotes long-term and sustainable capacity building in the fight against cyber crime  through supporting national structures and action. Specifically, it draws on its specialized expertise on criminal justice to provide technical assistance in capacity building, prevention and awareness raising, and international cooperation, as well as data collection, research and analysis on cyber crime. Lastly the cyber crimes are not only a large scale offence but every one of us can become a target hence the protectionism of emails and other information is a necessity. Self identity must be vigilantly protected as Cyber Attack on Yahoo is a recent example.

EXTREMISM

Extremism is the core of Violence and  it has inarguably conquered a lot. It consists of different types such as

1. Religious extremism
2. Territorial extremism
3. Ethnic extremism etc

These kinds of extremism have rooted themselves in the system of the world. The most common extremism, that would be Religious comes in the face of ISLAMIC STATE and SHIA SUNNI CONFLICT. The movement for independence by hardliner groups, this does not mean that fighting for your country's independence is wrong but involving brutality in the movement is insufferable and resides under territorial extremism. Racial terrorism based on the origin of a particular individual is fairly common all over the world. This type of extremism is inherent in Europe and Middle East. The Racial tensions has evoked the extremism in the oppressed groups to take action. This is seen when BLACKS are constantly being targeted in America and hence forcing the racial tensions to mount.
This similar thing takes place when SHIA'S are a victim in SUNNI dominated areas and viceversa. These acts don't stop here but in the third world countries where Muslims take up the majority, the extremists and hardliners create tensions against Hindus, Christians and Atheists to somehow expel them or in some cases MURDER THEM. Now this is the case in PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH. The case is a similar one in India, the Hindu extremists are ruthless with MUSLIMS due to their sacrificial practices and not only them but Hindus themselves have many casts in the religion so racial extremism against low cast Hindus 'THE DALITS' is on the rise in previous years. These aforementioned cases are the ones where violence is up to the extent where people are mercilessly and pitilessly killed for either their origin or their religion.

Solution:
A Comprehensive approach has to be undertaken for not only essential security based counter-terrorism measures but also systematic preventive steps to address the underlying conditions that drive these organisations to form and then grow. The hatred that has developed and infected the hearts is intensified especially when the religion is involved because then the coefficient of emotions is high and it is easier to brain wash any young individual to commit notorious crimes so first of all it has to be erased so that the room for love is grown with every living soul on Earth. Secondly, any such groups that are engaging the people in to inhumane activities have to be controlled and monitored. The crimes that they already are guilty of have to be effectively tried to provide justice to the oppressed. Thirdly, the supporters of these organisations are equally responsible for the barbarian activities that they commit hence they must be tried as well because it is well known that these supporters are the major fund providers. Lastly, high level meetings have to be conducted to review progress presided by the head of State to ensure the required changes because waiting too long would certainly signal danger.

HUMAN RIGHTS

Peace and security is a right of every living soul in the world. It deserves to live every single day without unnecessary tensions and anxiety caused due to violence and illegal practises occurring in our surroundings. They vary from the intensity which is considerably less in first world and multiplied in the third world. People beg for a corruption free land may it be MORAL, ETHICAL OR FINANCIAL. The UN statistics show some disturbing Facts on where the world stands as of now:

• Among the most affected institutions by corruption is the judiciary and police. Now this would mean utter annihilation of Peoples rights as the judiciary in simple terms proprietor of human right and if it is corrupt then there is attenuated hope left.
• Corruption, Bribery, theft and tax evasion are fairly high in the developing world. What is astonishing is it costs a whopping $1.25 trillion dollar a year, the amount enough to suppress poverty for 6 WHOLE YEARS.
• In 2011 the children leaving Schools in conflict hit areas reached 50% resulting in MASSIVE 28.5 MILLION children out of school. This amount can easily make the difference but VIOLENCE achieved its goal.

It clearly means that as Law and Order worsens the RUTHLESS MURDER OF HUMAN RIGHTS BEGINS. The human error from not learning from the past has put the developing countries in some unforeseen circumstances. The development wont come itself rather it needs to be initiated possibility of which is quite small and until this happens the countries have to face a bleak picture. And Finally, the victimisation of children through uninsured health sevices, discrimination and most of all, HUMAN TRAFFICKING. If it wont be set right then it is plausible to expect a bright future out of them when their past is this dark.

SOLUTION:
Firstly, the virus of all viruses i.e corruption needs to be effectively and immediately addressed. China takes the harshest measures to eradicate corruption majorly through death penalty but it has proven pretty efficient. Now it is debatable whether this punishment is justified but what corruption does next is indirectly killing off people slowly, gradually and eventually which is far more heinous.
Secondly, Justice for all must be ensured through different schemes. The rights for women has to be prioritized due to several reasons common in developing countries:

1. When they are a victim of rape they are unable speak up.
2. The common tradition of child marriages be dealt with (It is a concern of children but girls face more of it).
3. AND HONOR KILLINGS be rightfully tried.

Hence what would be intelligible acts are to create accountable and transparent institutions to deal with corruption. Justice system should not discriminate or be influenced by MONEY and must pass fair judgement etc.

GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS

Financial crisis has long been a part of human history.

• The Black Monday of 1829 during which the market of whole world crashed. This led to the disrupt in the economic system all over the world. It originated in Hong Kong and eventually reached America. The market psychology and institutional rigidity is sometimes blamed for it.
• The Great Depression of 1929 not only shook the USA but the rippling effects palpitated all the world. First the Wall street crisis robbed people off their incomes and then the drought in the country boosted it which subsequently brought the great depression to existence.
• The OPEC price shock of 1973 triggered due to Saudi Arabian embargo of oil sale to USA and other Western countries due to there reluctance to stop sales of Arms to Israel. This not only amounted to great inflation in the region but the monetary policies suddenly got obsolete.
• The Famous financial crisis of 2008 is the most well known among economists. The credit buying became common due to which the demand for houses increased leading to increase in prices. This occurrence immediately blew off when the credit buying was restricted hence the prices of housing fell and the mortgage was expensive. Thus the lenders lost confidence in the market and world economy dampened.
• The euro zone crisis, started when the European countries namely Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy and Ireland took massive loans. The threat of economy falling started looming and then became a reality when Greece was unable to pay the loans back and defaulted. 

Now it is a fact, when the economic activities in a particular country do not comply with the monetary policies and economic concepts, the incomprehensible effects take place that are not only threatening the country itself but the whole world promptly becomes a victim. The financial crisis in all the cases mentioned above had not only stolen Jobs from people but provoked the bigger crisis of POVERTY.

Solution:
The technocrats and bureaucrats often tend to ignore the macroeconomics effects of their policies. This results in the insecurity of future of the population. So the foremost step would be to design the framework that not only beneficial for the short term but the bigger picture is ultimately preserved.
Secondly, the loan is what kills the future hence the debt has to be repaid and must only be taken in a dire need, not for artificial growth. Thirdly, the third world countries such as Thailand who played the biggest hand in the Asian crisis of 1997 must produce structural reforms rather than hollow growth that would one day bite back. Lastly, the poor is always reaping the effects sown by the officials. This historical phenomenon needs to stop for success in the long term and sustainability in a bigger picture.

ENERGY

Energy has always been playing a crucial part in human lives. Energy is everything associated to the power that runs our day to day systems, may it be electricity, inspiring appliances or oil coordinating our cars etc. Energy as defined is a basic necessity as poverty, health care, education. water supply as well as climate is dependent upon our efficiently utilisation of it. The proportion of global population with access to electricity has increased steadily from 79% in 2000 to 85% in 2012 but still 1.1 billion people do not have access to electricity which is seemingly a very high and alarming number. What adds to the woes of this number is they are 80% rural dwellers. The energy essential for living is also gas, which constitutes majorly towards cooking hence takes up a major chunk in the sector of required energy, now to give off a fact " Only 58% have access to the energy and technology to cook whereas the rest rely on harmful fuels such as firewood and bio fuels in case of poor countries" which is not only hazardous for themselves but the animals and natural forests are a victim to these activities. The world's total renewable energy consumption from total energy is a mere 18% due to which the non renewable energy's life is at stake. Oil is the biggest contributor to non renewable energy resource and as I have aforementioned, this is worrisome for the world to preserve this sector or face the inexorable consequences. The energy efficiency that is the energy exhausted to produce one economic product is about 5%, which reduced by 1.7% hence showing positive signs. Among all the sectors, industry constituted largest proportion in this decrease making up to 68% of the total savings which came majorly from East Asia.

Solution:
The formidable prospect of resources exhaustion has led many experts to find new and better ways to produce energy so that we can preserve the ones that are consumed exorbitantly so they need to be instantly implemented. Secondly what is prerequisite to change is a leap of faith in the new techniques and most importantly patience. Now when the energy is produced through renewable methods such as Wind energy, solar energy and geothermal energy etc that do not abuse the environment the time of need to address the energy for all, initiatives to ensure the poor also receive their right comes thereafter. It is unimaginable to live in the modern world unaccompanied by petrol and electricity, the chief human needed resources hence policies to provide every single soul on earth access to it is desperately required. If this does not happen than as I have discussed in the start most that these issues are interlinked and it would entail incomprehensible consequences. Lastly, sustainability has to be made certain for future generations to live in peace.

EDUCATION

Education has always been bridging the minds to sanity and to avoid all the senseless activities that will encourage the humans to adopt beast like behavior. Education is the part of life that distinguishes humanity from immoral and beast like manner. The trajectory to attaining inclusive and equitable education for all started from 1990 World Conference on education for ALL in Jomtien, Thailand to the World Education Forum in Dakar that kick started the education for all movement. Unfortunately, education is no more a priority for the countries who want to take unfair advantage of their people hence they altogether don’t let them develop to think more clearly and thoroughly. The likes of Japan and South Korea have the top most education system to groom the breed of talented children, so when they are juvenile they are able to perform and outsource the previous generations to bring about new innovation. This is not the only reason, for a decent job or running a business, education plays the pivotal role. It is clearly visible that education can be the one man show to operate in the professional world. In the third world countries more than 20% of the children are out of school and others are a victim of inefficient methods leading to below par learning. Countries claim to spend a lot on education budget yet the country itself is unable to show the required, pledged, UN approved RESULTS. This dismay in the sector is not only a threat to the youngsters but future is certainly incumbent upon them. The quote “If you intend to destroy a nation, target its education and it will self-destruct”. This is not just a metaphorical phrase but a honest and realistic truth that is pretty hard to digest because the reality is rather painful. This will inevitably lead to a bleak future and waiting shall have no mercy.

Solution:

An individual’s brain must be able to fathom the pros and cons of education to realize that the future is all about the education earned. The other most important thing is to not let illiteracy materialize or face pessimist reactions. The Political and bureaucratic leaders must take strong approach to eradicate illiteracy for a better future, they can first harness the available potential to start the cycle which will soon be accomplishing all the targets on its own. The private institutions must be supportive of scholarships for the poor to bring about the talented and hardworking candidates in the first phase. The education standards must be revised through policies created by the technocrats and syllabus must be updated with necessary additions, year on year basis. There is technology enabled learning which when combined with governance innovations can seamlessly provide education in the remote and poor areas. These equations would attract donors, industry and foundations in support of the education drive. These initiatives would draw the best out of the poorest of countries.

DEFORESTATION

"Amazon Forest is less than a 50% left". Now it would occur to many that this is a lie but as much as the deteriorating condition of the forest state, the forest would be vanished within a blink of an eye. What is even more astonishing is that the authorities would show no mercy on the beautiful HEART of the world. This anomaly has left the pleading forest in utter disbelief. This not only the case with amazon forest but the repletion rate of every forest is swift thus the greenery and oxygen to carbon dioxide ratio seems to always show unhealthy numbers. If this is the case then within few years humans won't be able to live as HEALTHY as the past generations have lived and what would be even more disturbing would be the diseases that never existed in the past would seem to spring up from the depths to show us the not so lively way towards death. Habitat of an animal is majorly upon forests which even more specifically would mean trees. This is absolute absurdness to carelessly clear out God's creation's homes who haplessly can't do anything as they are secluded and people don't seem to care whatever happens to them. This utter selfishness would not only come upon us but the factor of Affect would be twice. Harmony is in living with these creatures as they have equal right to live on this planet as much as the humans have and to be more merciful upon ourselves rather than justice for animals because if forests won't be there than what follows won't make a very pretty picture.

Solution: First of ALL, the proper bills have to be passed to define the right punishments for those acting above law. Then the authorities concerned must immediately take definitive action rather than exercising weak resolve. The politicians must be resolute and united in saving forests, the mafias would only stop when when they would see the examples being set in towards whoever tries to surpass the law, those officials who are linked to mafias to earn a LITTLE more money must be washed out of the system. Awareness campaigns have to be run to inform people on how to utilize the forest for mankind's benefit and let it live so that it can be a source of affiliation between humankind and natural habitat.

MARINE DESTRUCTION

Marine Life has long existed before humans came into action to disrupt their peaceful lives. As I discussed in the previous topic "POLLUTION" that hundreds of underwater mammals wash up dead or in the case of dolphins blind ashore. Recently the chemical Waste dumping in Australia caused Sharks and Whales to die and carcasses washing ashore. The developments on Coastlines are becoming negative externalities for the seas and oceans. The development projects to enhance the respective countries has to be undertaken with extreme precaution to maintain the ecological balance, the safety of biodiversity lies therein. The tradition of catching humongous numbers of fish for living has substantially reduced the fish species and endangered many, this catch is constantly causing distress to the marine scientists as their woes are not heard. Ocean breeze that cools down the temperature is also becoming inefficient as the world saw 12000 people dying in India and Pakistan alone due to HEAT. The increase in the temperature of ocean is not only a threat to Humans but anomalies have been rooted in marine life.

Solution:
Action on serious note is required to establish a regulatory framework, joining international organisations for modern research and effective monitoring of the marine life for the countries that have affected their seas the most. The fishermen and fisheries must be licensed to avoid any act of over fishing. The organisations such as World Wildlife fund and International Union are working for conservation of nature, hence their support is the prerequisite for Marine revival. Lastly, the direct damage should be diminished in order to normalise the once beautiful nature.

CLIMATIC DISASTERS

Climatic disaster is a more of natural occurrence but the point that inspired this to be mentioned here is the part humans as a whole play to encourage these kinds of natural phenomenon. The Paris Agreement on Climate Action-signed by 200 countries in the world was about designing the proper framework on implementing the initiatives of controlling inordinate climatic changes and effectively stopping the harmful waste gas emissions in the air. The lucrative restaurants and infrastructure ( mainly apartments ) are built in the areas that are most vulnerable to floods. Deforestation is the biggest source of landslides and floods. The increase in the average temperature of the earth that caused  the glaciers of Antarctica to melt was due to the carbon emissions and other deleterious gases that cause significant detrimental effect to the ozone which disrupts the natures system. This inversely comes back to us and causes adverse effects in the form of various disasters. Then it costs countries heavy price which is approximately equal to 10% of GDP. Japan the country most vulnerable to natural disasters is under debt of 300% of GDP and this is chiefly due to their expenditure at the sites that were unfortunately caught in the midst of destruction.

Solution:
The countries ahead in science and technological research are constantly trying to improve the climate of the world as a whole and to take proper actions to halt further deterioration of nature and atmosphere. Most importantly what needs to be clarified is the investments in local social and physical infrastructure is required to reduce climate vulnerabilities. UK has closed all its coal powered industries, as it had apprehended the environmental damages.Henceforth every country must promote and increase greenery especially those where in the name of development greenery is erased. With mangroves being cut down for the sake of beautiful buildings, it will make us immensely susceptible to destruction. Hence protectionism of mangroves is a must.

POLLUTION

Pollution is the disability in a society or a country which destines an individual towards deteriorating health. Pollution not only victimises humans but also pose threats for natural habitat and vegetation. On 4th of Oct 16, hundreds of fish carcasses washed up ashore in Vietnam due to the chemicals, intoxicating the water. This is not only the case with Vietnam but the SMOG that covered China few months back was so heavy that an artist claimed to form a brick using the smogs thickness. This not only damaged the environment of China but the neighbouring countries bore the harmful affects as well. Garbage pollution such as heaps of garbage dumps is mainly found in the mega populated cities of South Asia. Even though the garbage poses threats to incurable diseases, it is hard to fathom why the garbage is not dealt with and even bigger question is why a particular nation wants to poison themselves. Lastly, to the wonderment of many it looks as if the nations think of themselves as impeccable but when the reality hits back, they are so vulnerable that they come crumbling down.

Solution:
The realisation of the truth and its affects must be spread through awareness programs so as to recycle as much as possible and save everybody from harm of litter. Sweden is the most innovative recyclers and their waste reusing is by far the most efficient hence they should be model for many. Subcontinent and Africa has become very prone to diseases due to pollution, and wasting any more chances or opportunities is unaffordable. Lastly the municipality in charge of waste disposal has to post severe punishments in case of impeachment of environment rules and must start an intensive cleanliness campaign to ensure healthy environment at its earliest.

UNLAWFUL DEVELOPMENT

Development is some times the weak spot where a country can stumble upon. Development is a priority for every nation and there values are judged by how well they are developed (the infrastructure of the particular country). Development does not always mean to build tall buildings but rather develop what is necessary and an immediate requirement. Roads, transport, commodities and commercial buildings are just a few examples. Sustainable development is a dream for many countries irrespective of their current predicament. Urban development is linked to industrialization of a country. The plan produced by each city or towns on how to build the right infrastructure which would not hinder the prospect of future improvements and amendments is at a lack of innovation and the broader picture is often ignored. Unlawful development refers to the buildings constructed whilst ignoring the major issues such as sewerage issues, water and electricity shortage. Traffic congestion also occurs due to the inefficiency of infrastructure leading to multidimensional problems.

Solution:
As the dirty politics and practices encourage even the faithful to corrupt should be stopped with immediate action. Other malpractices such as not abiding by the laws of developing a building should be scrutinized and surveillance should take place of the criminals. The basic human rights violation can be halted with placement of law enforcement agencies on the main hubs such as land grabbing on roads which can disrupt the traffic for eternity  etc.

INCOME INEQUALITY

Income Equality in a country refers to several subjects but I would be discussing the compartment where poor has to suffer. The worlds RICHEST 3% hold more than 50% of worlds wealth. Income equality's existence is merely an opinionated point for the middle class and just an illusion for the poor class. This gap widens in the third world countries as their mentality overwhelms their sense of equality. The politically elite often ignore the plight of deserving as if they were BORN TO SERVE THE RICH. Due to lack of income, people are unable to afford inflation inspired necessities of life hence they are forced to commit the ills of society. One can't blame them for losing their right mind, were they given their right, world would have been a better place. Corruption infected countries have developed a tax regime such that the rich pays 10% of their income in TAX where as the needy contributes to 16%. The lack of attention to inequality exists despite empirical analysis showing that an increase in GDP by one percentage point reduces poverty by 3.6% whereas a one percentage point decrease in inequality reduces poverty by 8.5%. At one end, private sector property developers are advertising housing schemes with swimming pools, horse riding Tracks and golf courses; and at the other end, there are families of 20 crammed up in a single room.

Solution:
The solution of this disease is as unambiguous as it may sound that the ruling class should be formed with giving as much chance to poor as given to rich so that the leader knows and feels the struggles of common public. The policy makers should design a progressive tax policy rather than regressive. The basic rights should not be withheld and market economies should be kept within established boundaries to avoid income inequalities by unacceptable margins.

UNEMPLOYMENT

If infrastructure is sea then employment is the ship that sails upon it. Employment is widely regarded as economy's major concern, because public satisfaction and Human development is directly related to employment, THE MORE THE JOB OPPORTUNITIES THE MORE THE HAPPINESS. Unemployment is not only problematic for the third world but rather 1st world also has to make sure there is job security. USA has to add hundreds of thousands of jobs every year to not only maintain their economy but those who fall out after college can earn reasonably and do not face any perils in life. If a strained economy does not add the required number of job every year, there are disastrous consequences of the economy becoming inundated with growing numbers of demoralised and unemployed young people. The main reason this issue is by far too great in the third world is because of lack of infrastructure and the economic activity in the country. And one must thoroughly understand that Education's importance lies in every aspect of Macroeconomics. Education would realise the workers value or the workers doom to poverty.  Secondly, the reason why the poor countries are unable to cope up with their increase in workers is miserable state of innovation. It is an important driver of high value jobs, directly through technological products and indirectly through the development cycle that once starts to run develops every sector of the state. Countries focus on research and development specialists to incur vital changes in an economy so to accomplish this the officials should be groomed properly and under right circumstances.

Solution:
Singapore is very well known to jump from an under developed sector to developed sector in 30 short years. Their foremost initiatives were plain and simple, the government expenditure for education department increased tremendously. They implemented a policy, the students who were excelling were given scholarships and sent to either Singapore national university or even overseas. Others were given technical courses to be efficient and effective which created one of the top Workforces in the world. Hence their conjugation of education and employment produced wonders for the economy so there is little to be imagined as the process is quite simple. Only sincerity is the cup of coffee hard to earn.

WATER AND SANITATION

For many clean water is a dream come true, the harsh and ignored reality is people are deprived of clean water. The ever increasing population of the world poses threat to provision of clean water and sanitation. Open defecation is especially common in the second biggest populated country in the world and unhygienic water is the root threat and a road way to viruses as well as life threatening illnesses. Many children becoming a victim of death due to contaminated water and in some cases unavailability of water demonstrates inadequate municipal water supply and sanitation leading to deteriorating health standards. With urban water demand and industrial demand increasing by 95% between 2001 to 2025 in South Asia because of increases in population, falling Water flows and erosion in storage capacities, which shows much work needs to be done. Sanitation is altogether absent in many rural cities with people using the sides of the roads and green spaces as toilets a common sight, with hardly any toilet facilities available for men and far fewer for women.

Solution:
Policy makers must realize that managing the affairs through central government at both federal and state level will not improve the quality of an average citizen. Specific targets should be formulated to achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water, sanitation and hygiene for all, to end open defecation, with special heed given to the needs of women and girls, as well as to improve the quality of water by reducing pollution and minimizing the release of waste chemicals etc. Serious efforts are needed to ensure water efficiency across all sectors and to reduce the number of people suffering from water scarcity through the participation of local communities. The head of state must regularly bring up this issue foremost in meetings and must view progress. Those policy makers who are reluctant to allow those at the grass roots formulate policies must instantly be reviewed on competency.
Government must be held accountable so that officers work on their utmost efficiency and effectiveness.

WOMEN RIGHTS

Every religion in the world stresses the people to regard a woman as an equal and that both genders should regard each other with equal respect and dignity. The MUSLIM countries in the world are especially the ones who have ripped off the rights of women, the promises are not honored and men feel supremacists. In the past few decades, they signed covenants with UN, only to fall far short when it comes to implementation or amending local laws to bring them in conformity with international standards. The women in American senate are only mere 19 whereas males occupy 81 seats. So we see the world is trying to equalize the women in society and very little number of them have truly succeeded in their duty. According to the WEF Gender Gap index there is no wonder that South Asia, Africa and South America occupy this lists bottom. Women are a target of 'honor' killings in poor countries and the killers seem to escape justice, some cases reach the media headlines and it is due to the brutality or the identity of the victim. When women report a case, they are given little attention and insurmountable challenges. Additionally, given that the right to life is the most basic and fundamental human right, a high number of mothers continue to be denied this right as maternal mortality rates showed an increase in 2015 in poor countries. Rural areas has a further impact on the low status of women, making them even more vulnerable to exploitation and violence.

Solution:
Women are as important members of society as men. They need to be developed into proper playing part of the nation. So again the lawmakers must ensure that the women are not deprived off their rights. Not only this but women must stay strong and united as they had when they wanted their part in election (right to vote and then in parliament etc) or whenever they fought for themselves in the past. Education plays the most essential role in the growth of a person and so, the more the educated women in our society the more they will be respected. To end with the quote 'Behind every successful man is a WOMAN'; Very true indeed.

HEALTH CARE

Health Care System is designed beautifully in the FIRST WORLD and the system is relatively equally disappointing in the developing and under developed world. Health care is defined as the quality and timeliness of treatment. Not only that but the government's additional support for the poor and emergency patients. The severe health issues can be attributed to poverty, and compounded by social exclusion and discrimination. A study of UNICEF showed that the bottom most countries in infant and neonatal mortality have a staggering 44% of children stunted and are not given the proper health attention. Pneumonia killed approximately 92000 children in annually. These deaths are avoidable because the treatment is available but not reached to those in need. Mortality rates are considered proxy for the level of social development and the countries such as Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan and Afghanistan have one of the highest mortality rates in the world.

Solution:
A thorough research of the health care system is required to accommodate the patients. Without national consensus the state owned health sector will continue to suffer. With no universal medical care, overhauling the health sector not only requires that health be put at the top of the political priority list, but increased funding, efficient cross sector linkages and medical training are also imperative. The UN supports the health care systems in the world to end epidemics mainly AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and other communicable diseases. They also aim to achieve universe health coverage and provide access to medicines and vaccines for all. To prevent the curable diseases hunting lives down, the government is required to increased their budgetary spending on health. Only 1.5 to 4% of GDP is spent in developing countries whereas in the developed world more than 7% on average is spent on health even though they have such high Gross Domestic products.

POVERTY

 Poverty is the base of every crisis. When poverty develops, it is not only restricted to lack of money but the problems that come thereafter due to lack of money. UN describes poverty as whoever lives under $1.25 a day is poor. This is international standard and according to this low income countries suffer with multidimensional poverty at around '30%' of total population or even more. Countries who try to escape criticism often produce their own irrational standards for poverty. A study of Millennium development goals by UN stated that even with a 'plan' the number of people living under poverty increased in 30 countries. The research group, Development Initiatives has noted that the goal of ENDING poverty by 2030 in South Asia will prove more challenging than halving poverty globally. The political instability enforces the poor to suffer and not only that but incapacitate the organisations especially the NPO ones thus causing them to be defunct.

Solution:
First of all a serious and strong commitment is required of the respective nations to eradicate poverty. Unanimous approval on long term solutions and policies is urgently required. Secondly absolutely no leeway must be acceptable to adjust the poverty definitions and furthermore implementing social protection system for all. Ensuring equal rights to economic resources for everybody and providing proper protectionism of the poor in case of CLIMATE CHANGES. UN brings out sustainable development goals for countries which draws out the whole plan on how to deal with and end this problem in a particular time period, so this is one of the solution. Lastly employment would certainly bring about the change. The manifesto that needs to be understood and worked upon is quite large and needs immediate action. 

HUNGER

 Hunger has been the biggest issue in the past and a very dangerous one. When a famine hits some place, the destruction of human life is massive and hordes of people die. UN's Food and Agriculture organisation defines hunger as the daily consumption of fewer than 1800 kcal by an individual. Hunger is caused by several reasons such as shortage of food or increase in population inordinately which links back to shortage of food again. In 2015 $1900 billion were spent on arms and ammunition whereas only $190 billion is required to eradicate world hunger. When the priorities are overlooked for selfish reasons, the general public has to suffer. Poor countries such as In Africa and Asia majorly are unable to meet their consumption demands and their defense budgets are over the moon. We again come to the root cause that illiteracy has a much bigger role in this play. 45% of children deaths in South Asia is due to malnutrition and this percentage increases in Africa. As I have aforementioned the vast majority of Hunger stricken people live in developing countries and 12.9% are undernourished. Hunger and poverty are correlated and I will discuss the latter in next article. Hunger destabilizes the economy and the improvement in this sector is sought by every poor country so as to survive and then prosper.

Solution:
Hunger has plain solutions that a child is taught since forever but difficult to implement. The current predicament is due to neglect and corruption and then lack of knowledge. UN had started a program called FAO(Food and Agriculture organization) and it constantly is planing to improve agriculture to supply enough food to feed at the very least the producers own country. Investment is direly needed in public services such as access to portable water, sanitation and preventive and curative health care. Climate is a great factor influencing hunger indirectly, climate changes affect agricultural output. This must be reduced though no permanent solution is present to tackle climate challenge. The governments of different countries must find an efficient and effective solution to this and not ignore it because every life MATTERS.

MIGRATION CRISIS

Subject: Syrians, Iraqis and the European Union.

The Migration Crisis that started haunting the world last year has disrupted Europe's system. The concern of Europe is too big as Germany has hosted around 750,000 migrants. The migration problem started 5 years back when in Iraq Saddam Hussain's government was reigning. Then after the hanging of Saddam, ISIS overtook Iraq and since then more than 9000 people have been killed due to which people started fleeing their country. The Syrian emigration started when Bashar al Assad refused to give up his regime and the Rebels resorted to hardcore measures. Russia the ally of Bashar Al Assad immediately came to aid whereas US supporting the rebels provided aid to them. This caused a WAR to erupt in Syria and after much patience and tolerance people couldn't survive in the war torn country and finally decided to flee. The war killed 250,000 people and finally on 12th of September 2016 the US and Russia had a deal on finally cooperating together. Turkey is also the part of war as their enemy is the Kurdish. The migrants mainly entered through Macedonia and Greece. Turkey hosted most migrants which was a staggering 1.7m though they also returned many. Several thousand migrants were drowned in their pursuit for a better life. This migration mainly consisted of Syrians and then Iraqis. Pakistanis and various other nationals also were present. This migration crisis has led many European countries to take strict measures as many countries have weak economies. European Union is in utter danger because of Greece defaulting their Debt and England pulling themselves out of the EU through Brexit vote.

Solution: This issue has caused many brains of different countries to form a think tank and bring out the permanent solution. Most Syrians are educated though not up to the mark but have basic education so their training would certainly bring out the best of them and the workforce which the Europe is lacking would be at their disposal. Recently German chancellor Merkel has concluded a meeting with top German companies to cooperate and help hire the Syrians so that they can earn and start supporting their economy. This would be a long term solution and Germany would inevitably grow fast. Germany has also faced this issue in the past when East and West Germany merged. Whereas other hosting countries are concerned, they are unable to develop a plan up till now. Turkey faced a coup attempt so it will take time for them to stabilize. Spain is also debt ridden country so it will take time for them to stabilize as well. USA has mere 20000 refugees and they are handling it well and their economy is also not hindered by such a mere number. I hope Syria and Iraq stabilize soon so that people can live in their home country.

INTRODUCTION

Hey Guys,
This is my first post. I have just started to blog.
This blog is based on the idea of knowledge sharing. I love to learn more and thus share more so that people are aware of the things happening either in their surroundings or on a large scale such as the WHOLE WORLD. So from today onwards I will be posting different kinds of crisis going on in the world at the moment and their solutions. You are allowed to post your opinions on the matter and please refrain from hatred comments. If I mistakenly put forward a wrong fact so please point out so that I can make amendments accordingly and I hope my intentions are conveyed to you appropriately.
Regards,
Najam